A layout defines the surroundings of an HTML page. It's the place to define common look and feel of your final output. Layout files reside inapp/views/layouts subdirectory.
The process involves defining a layout template and then letting the controller know that it exists and to use it. First, let's create the template.
Add a new file called standard.html.erb to app/views/layouts. You let the controllers know what template to use by the name of the file, so following a sane naming scheme is advised.
Add the following code to the new standard.html.erb file and save your changes:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;. charset=iso-8859-1" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us" /> <title>Library Info System</title> <%= stylesheet_link_tag "style" %> </head> <body id="library"> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> <h1>Library Info System</h1> <h3>Library powered by Ruby on Rails</h3> </div> <div id="content"> <%= yield -%> </div> <div id="sidebar"></div> </div> </body> </html> |
Everything you just added were standard HTML elements except two lines. Thestylesheet_link_tag helper method outputs a stylesheet <link>.
In this instance we are linking style.css style sheet. Its the name given in double quotes in front of stylesheet_link_tag command .
The yield command lets Rails know that it should put the generated HTML here for the method called.
Now open book_controller.rb file available in app/controllers subdirectory and add the following bold line just below the first line as follows :
class BookController < ApplicationController
layout 'standard'
def list
@books = Book.find(:all)
end
...................
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This tells to controller that we want to use a layout available in standard.html.erb file. Now try browsing books it will give following screen.
Adding Style Sheet:
Till now we have not created any style sheet, so Rails is using its own default style sheet to show the result.
Now let's create a new file called style.css and save it in our application subdirectorty ~/library/public/stylesheets. Add the following code to this file.
body {
font-family: Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: small;
font-color: #000;
background-color: #fff;
}
a:link, a:active, a:visited {
color: #CD0000;
}
input {
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
p {
line-height: 150%;
}
div#container {
width: 760px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
div#header {
text-align: center;
padding-bottom: 15px;
}
div#content {
float: left;
width: 450px;
padding: 10px;
}
div#content h3 {
margin-top: 15px;
}
ul#books {
list-style-type: none;
}
ul#books li {
line-height: 140%;
}
div#sidebar {
width: 200px;
margin-left: 480px;
}
ul#subjects {
width: 700px;
text-align: center;
padding: 5px;
background-color: #ececec;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
ul#subjects li {
display: inline;
padding-left: 5px;
}
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Now refresh your browser and see the difference. Isn't it amazing....
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